Ngenqubo yokuncibilika noma ukusebenza okushisayo kwensimbi, ngenxa yezici ezithile (njengokufakwa okungeyona insimbi, amagesi, ukukhethwa kwenqubo noma ukusebenza okungalungile, njll.).Amaphutha ngaphakathi noma ebusweni beipayipi lensimbi engenamthungoizophazamisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yempahla noma umkhiqizo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iholele ekutheni impahla noma umkhiqizo ulahlwe.
I-Porosity, amabhamuza, izinsalela ze-crater eshwabeneyo, ukufakwa okungezona ezensimbi, ukuhlukaniswa, amabala amhlophe, imifantu kanye nokukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene kokuphuka okungavamileamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo adonsa abandayoingatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwe-macroscopic.Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlola ama-macro: ukuhlolwa kwe-acid leaching kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphuka.Ukukhubazeka okujwayelekile kwe-macroscopic okuvezwa ukucwiliswa kwe-asidi kuchazwe kafushane ngezansi:
1. Ukuzihlukanisa
Imbangela yokwakheka: Ngesikhathi sokusakaza nokuqinisa, izakhi ezithile ziyahlangana ngenxa yokucwebezela okukhethiwe nokusabalalisa, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali okungafanani.Ngokwezikhundla ezihlukene zokusabalalisa, ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-ingot, ukuhlukaniswa kwesikhungo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamaphoyinti.
Izici ze-macroscopic: Kumasampuli e-asidi ephumayo, lapho ehlukaniselwa izinto ezonakalisayo noma izinto ezifaka igesi, umbala uba mnyama, umumo awujwayelekile, ugobile kancane, phansi kusicaba, futhi kunamaphuzu amaningi aminyene amancane.Uma i-elementi yokumelana ihlanganiswa, izoba i-microbump enombala okhanyayo, ongajwayelekile, ebushelelezi ngokuqhathaniswa.
2. xega
Isizathu sokwakheka: Phakathi nenqubo yokuqinisa, insimbi ayikwazi ukushiselwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza okushisayo ngenxa yokuncipha kokugcina kokuqina kwezinto ezincibilikayo eziphansi kanye nokukhululwa kwegesi ukuze kudaleke ama-voids.Ngokusho kokusabalalisa kwabo, zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili: i-central loose kanye ne-general loose.
Izici ze-Macroscopic: Ku-lateral hot acid leaching surface, izimbotshana kukhona amapholigoni angajwayelekile kanye nemigodi enezansi emincane, ngokuvamile endaweni yokuhlukana.Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kukhona ukuthambekela kokuxhuma esimweni se-spongy.
3. Okufakiwe
Isizathu sokwakheka:
① Ukufakwa kwensimbi yangaphandle
Isizathu: Ngesikhathi sokuthululwa, imigoqo yensimbi, amabhlogo ensimbi namashidi ensimbi awela esikhunjeni se-ingot, noma ingxube yensimbi eyengezwe ekugcineni kwesiteji sokuncibilika ayincibiliki.
Izici ze-macroscopic: Kumashidi aqoshiwe, ngokuvamile umumo wejiyomethri anemiphetho ebukhali kanye nomehluko ohlukile wombala kusukela endaweni ezungezile.
② Ukufakwa kwamanye amazwe okungezona ezensimbi
Isizathu: Phakathi nenqubo yokuthulula, izinto eziphikisayo zolwelwesi lwesithando somlilo kanye nodonga lwangaphakathi lwesimiso sokuthulula akuzange kuntante noma kucwebezele ensimbi encibilikisiwe.
Izici Ezinkulu: Izingxenye ezinkulu ezingezona ezensimbi zibonakala kalula, kuyilapho okuhlanganisiwe okuncane kugqwala futhi kuxebuke, kushiye izimbobo ezincane eziyindilinga.
③ Phenya isikhumba
Imbangela yokwakheka: Insimbi encibilikisiwe iqukethe ifilimu elashwa kancane endaweni engaphansi.
Izici ze-macroscopic: Umbala wesampula yokuvuza kwe-asidi uhlukile kokuzungezile, futhi umumo uyimicu emincane egobile engavamile, futhi kuvame ukuba khona okufakiwe kwe-oxide nezimbotshana ezizungezile.
4. Nciphisa
Isizathu sokwakheka: Uma uphonsa ingot noma ukusakaza, uketshezi olungaphakathi alukwazi ukugcwaliswa ngenxa yokuncipha kwevolumu ngesikhathi sokufingqa kokugcina, futhi ikhanda le-ingot noma ukusakaza lakha i-macroscopic cavity.
Izici ze-Macroscopic: I-shrinkage cavity iphakathi nendawo yesampula evundisiwe ye-asidi, futhi indawo ezungezile ivamise ukuhlukaniswa, ixutshwe noma ixege.Ngezinye izikhathi izimbobo noma imifantu ingabonakala ngaphambi kokuqoshwa, futhi ngemva kokucwiliswa, izingxenye zemigodi ziba mnyama futhi zibukeke njengezimbobo ezishwabene ngendlela engavamile.
5. Amabhamuza
Imbangela yokwakheka: Ukukhubazeka okubangelwa amagesi akhiqizwa futhi akhululwa ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwe-ingot.
Izici Ezinkulu: Isifanekiso esiguquguqukayo esinemifantu ecishe iqonde phezulu ene-oxidation encane kanye nokususwa kwe-carburization eduze.Ukuba khona kwamabhamuza omoya angaphansi kwesikhumba ngaphansi kwamanzi kubizwa ngokuthi amabhamuza omoya angaphansi kwesikhumba, futhi amabhamuza omoya ajulile angaphansi kwesikhumba abizwa ngokuthi ama-pinholes.Phakathi nenqubo yokubumba, lezi zimbobo ezingenawo oksijini nezingahlanganisiwe zinwebeka zibe amashubhu amancane anezikhonkwane ezincane ezihlukene ezihlukene.Isigaba esiphambanayo sifana nokuhlukaniswa kwamaphuzu avamile, kodwa umbala omnyama amabhamuza oju lwangaphakathi.
6. I-Vitiligo
Isizathu sokwakheka: Ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengethonya le-hydrogen nokucindezeleka kwesakhiwo, futhi ukuhlukaniswa nokufakwa ensimbi nakho kunethonya elithile, okuwuhlobo lokuqhekeka.
Izici ze-Macroscopic: Imifantu emifushane, emincane kumasampula e-asidi eshisayo ephambanayo.Kunamachashaza amhlophe agqamile esiliva elimahhadlahhadla ekuqhekekeni kwe-longitudinal.
7. Umfantu
Isizathu sokwakheka: i-axial intergranular crack.Lapho isakhiwo se-dendritic sinzima, imifantu izovela eduze kwegatsha eliyinhloko naphakathi kwamagatsha e-billet yobukhulu obukhulu.
Imifantu yangaphakathi: Imifantu ebangelwa ukufogeka nokugingqika okungafanele.
Izici ze-Macroscopic: Esigabeni esiphambanayo, indawo ye-axial iqhekeka eduze kwe-intergranular, ngesimo sewebhu yesicabucabu, futhi ukuqhekeka kwe-radial kwenzeka ezimeni ezinzima.
8. Songa
Izimbangela zokwakheka: izibazi ezingalingani zangaphezuluishubhu yensimbi ye-carbon edonsa ngamakhazanoma ama-ingots ensimbi ngesikhathi sokubumba nokugoqeka, imiphetho ecijile namakhona agqagqeneithubhu lensimbi elingenamthungo elidonsa ngamakhaza, noma izinto ezimise okwendlebe ezakhiwe ngenxa yokuklanywa noma ukusebenza okungafanele kwephasi, nokuqhubeka nokuginqika .ibekwe phezulu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
Izici ze-macroscopic: Kusampula yokucwiliswa kwe-asidi eshisayo ephambanayo yepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo elidonsayo elidonsayo, kukhona ukuqhekeka okutshekile endaweni yensimbi, futhi kukhona ukubola okuqinile eduze, futhi ukuqhekeka kuvame ukuqukatha isikali se-oxide.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-02-2022